The p2 red cell phenotype is defined and has a prevalence of about 25%. Abo blood group is the most important system in blood transfusion being the only one among the blood group systems in which the antibodies are consistently and predictably present in the serum of normal person whose red cell lacks the antigen. Genetic inheritance of blood types similar to the characteristic traits that an individual inherits from his parents, so also is the blood type, which has a genetic inheritance. Class notes other blood group systems mns system antigens and their inheritance. The ii blood group system is associated with cold antibodies antibodies that function only at temperatures below normal body heat and several blood diseases. The o type does not carry any foreign agglutinogens.
Know the abo and rh systems for blood typing and their clinical significance. Blood types and character features of people personal web site. Both proteins are encoded by the same gene but arise through an alternative use of two aug initiator codons, at positions 1 and 66 of the mrna sequence. The blood group you belong to depends on what you have inherited from your parents. Alloantibodies to the kidd jk system are an important cause of delayed haemolytic transfusion reactions see chapter 5. Molecular genetic basis of the his to blood group abo system. Aboincompatible red cell transfusion is often fatal and its prevention is the most important step in clinical transfusion practice. The prediction strategy relies on an explicit definition of the ground truth, to be used during classification.
Besides its contribution to the mn blood group system g lycophorin a, as an erythrocyte membrane glycosylated component, is also a potential carrier of the blood g roup abh antigens. It has also been recognized that a potent antia or antib in donor blood of group o may destroy the a or b red cells of a nono recipient. Rh refers to the presence or absence of the d antigen on the red blood cell. Not all blood groups are compatible with each other. The abo blood group system consists of 4 types of blood group a, b, ab, and o and is mainly based on the antigens and antibodies on red blood cells and in the plasma. The antigens m and n are codominant alleles that are closely linked to the s and s antigens, which are also codominant. Mar 18, 2020 once the abo blood group system was discovered and was shown to follow the pattern of mendelian heredity, other systemsthe mn system, the rhesus system, and many otherssoon followed.
Kidd had hemolytic disease of newborn hdn in her son. Characterisation of rh and other blood group systems. The rh blood group system connie westhoff t he rh blood group system is one of the most polymorphic and antigenic blood group systems. The existence of 30 blood group systems, such as the abo and rhesus system, generates at least 300 distinct blood group antigens 180. Rh blood group is assigned the prefix 004 each antigen assigned to the rh blood group is given a unique number to complete the six digit number.
Blood types the blood and tissue center of central texas. If so, share your ppt presentation slides online with. Pk, forming 5 different p1pk blood group system phenotypes. In rh system, the most important antigens are d, c, c, e, and e. Other blood group system is the property of its rightful owner. Mns, duffy, p, lewis, and cromer blood group systems which blood group systems functional roles involve biological receptors. Red cell immunogenetics and blood group terminology. Armstrong introduction this section will cover the major blood group systems, some of the other blood group systems and will also include information on hla and notes on platelet antigens. Abod blood groups austin community college district.
A, b, o, ab rhesus system, for which you can be positive or negative, is the second most important with regard to blood transfusions in total there are 32 recognised blood group systems, which all have either positive or negative indicators. The most common type of grouping is the abo blood group system. The blood group antigen factsbook winner of a 20 highly commended bma medical book award for internal medicine has been an essential resource in the hematology, transfusion and immunogenetics fields since its first publication in the late 1990s. Jkb was found in 1953 by plaut the antigens were independent of other known blood groups. Blood group serology is part of a series of distance learning materials, safe blood and blood products, developed by the world health organization blood transfusion safety team whobts. Dear all, i would like to share an usefull information on blood group hope it would be usefull for all of you attached files membership is. Recurrent transfusions carry an inherent risk on alloimmunization to non identical blood group antigens, which complicate further transfusions. Class notes i and p blood group systems i blood group system ii antigens. Blood typing systems other than abo bloodbook, blood. The p1 red cell phenotype is the most common phenotype with a prevalence of approximately 75%.
The bestknown way of grouping of blood types is the abo system, although there are other groups. During the blood transfusion, the two most important group systems examined are the abosystem and the rhesus system. It is second only to abo in importance in blood transfusion and is well known as a primary cause of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn hdfn. Because two proteins are involved, there are four possible combinations or blood types abo groups. The blood group abo system w as discovered by landsteiner in 190017. These antigens are inherited by a complex pattern similar to the rh system. Follow ing the identification of the a and b blood group antigens, blood group serology blossomed throughout the 20th century, such that the interna tional society of blood transfusion now recog nises 302 blood group antigens, most of which belong to 1 of 29 genetically discrete blood group systems. Other blood group systems mns system antigens and their inheritance. Although some references will be made to the molecular structures, the detailed molecular structures and recent advances in dna. Apart from abo and rhesus system, many other types of antigens have been noticed on the red cell membranes. Table of blood group systems international society of. The genes of these blood group systems are autosomal, except xg and xk which are xborne, and mic2 which is present on both x and y chromosomes. Lewis, i and p blood group systems authorstream presentation. Group ab can donate to other abs, but can receive from all others.
System name system symbol gene names chromosomal location cd numbers 001 abo abo abo 9q34. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Its still possible that other blood group systems or antigens so rare they havent yet surfaced may emerge. Various antibodies of the abo blood group systems and the rh factor antia, antib, antid and phenotype systems antie and antic of phenotypes e and c were used for the blood analysis. These materials have been designed to provide access to training for staff working in blood transfusion services, hospital blood banks and public. Introduction to the rhesus blood group university of utah. They selected those systems considered to be of clinical importance or to have interesting features and made the scope of the presented information what you need to know for the sbb exam. The basis of abo grouping is of two antigens antigen a and antigen b. Which blood group systems functional roles involve microbial receptors. A very rare in modern medicine mismatch in this, or any other serotype, can. Blood types and character features of people personal. Blood grouping and crossmatching is one of the few. This section will cover the major blood group systems, some of the other blood group systems and will also include information on hla and notes on platelet antigens.
Basics of blood groups and antibodies transfusion guidelines. What are blood group systems currently there are 345 blood group antigens. The term human blood group systems is defined by international society of blood transfusion as systems in the human species where cellsurface antigensin particular, those on blood cellsare controlled at a single gene locus or by two or more very closely linked homologous genes with little or no observable recombination between them. On the other hand, the rh blood group system consists of 50 defined blood group antigens. An antibody panel reveals the presence of antilewis a, a patient has the lewis phenotype leab. Blood physiology lecture 3 blood types and blood transfusion. Characterisation of rh and other blood group systems amongst. The i antigen is found on almost all adults and is part of the precursor component of the oligosaccharide that forms the a, b, and h antigens.
There are more than 20 genetically determined blood group systems known today the ab0 and rhesus rh systems are the most important ones used for blood transfusions. Collections a blood group system consists of one or more antigens, controlled by a single gene kell or by two rh or three mns very closely linked homologous genes. In human blood transfusions it is the most important of the 36 different blood type or group classification systems currently recognized. Web to pdfconvert any web pages to highquality pdf files while retaining page layout, images, text and. Blood group antigens play a role in recognizing foreign cells in the bloodstream. It is the long est known blood group system and most important one from practical point of view. Ii blood group system, classification of human blood based on the presence of antigens i and i on the surface of red blood cells. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Another antigen, the rh factor, plays an important part in the grouping of blood. The abo and rh blood systems are discussed in detail below.
The antigens can be integral proteins where polymorphisms lie in the variation of amino acid sequence e. This, together with the discovery of other red cell group systems, has completely altered the significance of the term universal donor which is often applied to blood of group. E antigen 004003 advantage over rosenfield is that it is a purely numeric system, which is easier for data processing. The parents blood types chart give you the american red crosss information about blood typing. Alloantibodies produced by exposure to blood of a different group by transfusion or pregnancy can cause transfusion reactions, haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn hdfn or problems in selecting blood for. International society of blood transfusion has recently recognized 33 blood group systems. Kell antik alloantibodies can cause hdfn and it is important to avoid transfusing k positive red cells to k negative girls and women of childbearing potential. The third edition of the blood group antigen factsbook has been completely revised, updated and expanded to cover all 33 blood group systems. Mns p familial blood group system found in few families kell. Case report1 18 years male, diagnosed case of rhd with ar admitted for aortic valve replacement no history of previous blood transfusion 4 units of fresh prbc requested pretransfusion testing blood group o rh positive 4 units of o rh positive compatible blood crossmatched beenu thakral,ashish. Of these dea types, dea 4 and dea 6 appear on the red blood cells of 98% of dogs. Many of these surface proteins are polymorphic and carry the different blood groups.
For example, if a person with blood type a receives a blood transfusion with blood type b, the recipients immune system will recognize the type b cells as foreign and mount an immune response. Blood, 2003, 102, p4a the antigen is located on cd151 glycoprotein which is a member of the fourtransmembrane tm4sf, tetraspanins superfamily of proteins show four. Know the different types of blood transfusions and their complications transfusion reactions. Blood group systems smart 2008 isbt science series. Apr 20, 2015 bgmut stores information about experimentally validated mutations known to be relevant for blood group determination. Dec 31, 2012 the main blood group system is abo, with four blood types. Blood types a blood group or blood type is based on the presence or absence of two proteins a, b on the surface of red blood cells. Duffy blood group system, classification of human blood based on the presence of glycoproteins known as fy antigens on the surface of red blood cells, endothelial cells cells lining the inner surface of blood vessels, and epithelial cells in the alveoli of the lungs and in the collecting tubules of the kidneys. Blood group systems definition of blood group systems by. Eight dea dog erythrocyte antigen types are recognized as international standards.
This is a complex group defined by agglutinogens produced by three different genes. Note that h antigen is in a separate system, h blood group system 018, and is not part of the abo system. Identification of blood group a and b antigens in human. Jan 17, 2016 use pdf download to do whatever you like with pdf files on the web and regain control. Experts thought that at last they had found genetic features that, because they are inherited and not susceptible. Although some references will be made to the molecular structures, the detailed molecular structures and recent advances in dna technology are not within the scope of this publication. The red cell membrane contains many anchored surface proteins and proteins that cross the lipid bilayer. Gerbich blood group system isbt 020 the antigens for the gerbich blood group system reside on glycophorin c gpc or glycophorin d gpd glycoproteins. International society of blood transfusion numeric terminology. Blood grouping and crossmatching is one of the few important tests that the anaesthesiologist orders during perioperative period. Table of blood group systems international society of blood.
For example, the immune system would respond if a person with a blood type either aa or ao receives blood of the b or ab blood type, but not of the o type. Our blood types chart templates comes in various formats and particular purposes. The main blood group system is abo, with four blood types. Other blood group systems complete flashcards quizlet. A new rbc alloantibody was detected in her serum, reacted with her husbands rbcs. The number of antigens per blood group system, collection, and series varies tremendously from 1 in the p system to more than 30 in the rh and mns systems. The varieties of glycoprotein and glycolipid coating on red blood cells divides blood into four groups. Case report1 18 years male, diagnosed case of rhd with ar admitted for aortic valve replacement no history of previous blood transfusion 4 units of fresh prbc requested pretransfusion testing blood group o rh positive 4 units of o rh positive compatible blood crossmatched beenu thakral,ashish jain,karan saluja.
822 852 1209 1000 717 487 1008 1628 1261 247 337 1595 1166 1252 695 1454 305 614 1029 407 689 1514 1452 135 942 1170 1613 506 1028 323 1551 20 1148 1103 1209 303 283 1105 745 477 1103 33 1296 62 48 79 249